System V (sometimes abbreviated as SysV) is the (Web server type)
System V (sometimes abbreviated as SysV) is the latest version of UNIX released by AT&T Bell Labs. It is based on the original version of UNIX developed in the early 1970s. System V UNIX is the standard for commercial versions of UNIX. Both Solaris (the newest version of SunOS) and HP-UX are based on System V UNIX. The main difference between BSD UNIX and System V UNIX is in system administration and networking. System V UNIX is newer than BSD UNIX and provides many standardized tools for configuring a system, installing prepackaged software, and network programming. Also, the layout of the file system in System V UNIX has changed to some extent. Table 23.1 lists the BSD directories and their System V equivalents. Table 23.1 System V Equivalents of BSD Directories BSD System V /bin /usr/bin /sbin /usr/sbin /usr/adm /var/adm /usr/mail /var/mail or /var/spool/mail /usr/tmp /var/tmp The directories /bin and /sbin still exist on some System V-based UNIX versions. On Solaris, these directories are links to /usr/bin and /usr/sbin, respectively. On HP-UX, these directories still contain some commands essential at boot time. The commands stored in these directories are not the same commands as in BSD. Most vendors who have switched from BSD to System V still provide BSD versions in the directory /usr/ucb. In addition to these changes, many System V-based UNIX versions have introduced the directory /opt in an attempt to standardize the installation locations of prepackaged software products. On older systems, many different locations, including /usr, /usr/contrib, and /usr/local, were used to install optional software packages. Linux is hard to classify because it is not based on either BSD or System V source code. It was written from scratch by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in Finland and is considered by some to be a third type of UNIX that incorporates the best features found in both System V and BSD. The commands and the networking layer in Linux are both based on BSD, whereas the standardized tools for system configuration and installation of prepackaged software are similar to System V. Some of the major vendors of Linux are Caldera and Red Hat. Using uname The first step in writing portable shell scripts is to determine which version of UNIX is executing your shell script. You can determine this using the uname command: uname options
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